Quantum pseudo-telepathy is a phenomenon in quantum game theory resulting in anomalously high success rates in coordination games between separated players. These high success rates would seem to require communication between the players; however, the game is set up such that during the game, this is physically impossible. Quantum pseudo-telepathy relies on the fact that the quantum laws of physics are subtly non-local and allow violations of the Bell inequalities . This means that for quantum pseudo-telepathy to occur, prior to the game the participants need to share a physical system in an entangled quantum state , and during the game have to execute measurements on this entangled state as part of their game strategy. Games in which the application of such a quantum strategy leads to pseudo-telepathy are also referred to as quantum non-locality games.
In their 1999 paper, [ 1 ] Gilles Brassard , Richard Cleve and Alain Tapp demonstrated that winning quantum strategies can exist in simple games for which in the absence of quantum entanglement a winning strategy can result only if the participants were allowed to communicate. The term quantum pseudo-telepathy was later introduced [ 2 ] for this phenomenon. The prefix 'pseudo' is appropriate, as the quantum non-locality effects that are at the heart of the phenomenon do not allow any transfer of information, but rather eliminate the need to exchange information between the players for achieving a mutual win in the game.
The phenomenon of quantum pseudo-telepathy is mostly used as a powerful and explicit thought experiment of the non-local characteristics of quantum mechanics . Yet, the effect is real and subject to experimental verification, as demonstrated by the experimental confirmation of the violation of the Bell inequalities.
An example of quantum pseudo-telepathy can be observed in the following two-player coordination game in which the participants fill one row and one column of a 3x3 table with plus and minus signs.
The two players Alice and Bob are separated so that no communication between them is possible. In each round of the game Alice gets informed which row is selected, and Bob is being told which column is selected. Alice does not get to know the column Bob has been presented with, and vice versa (Bob remains unaware of the row presented to Alice). Alice and Bob both have to put the same sign in the cell common to the row and column selected. Furthermore (and this is the catch), Alice has to fill the remainder of the row such that there is an even number of signs in that row, whilst Bob has to fill the remainder of the column such that there is an odd number of signs in that column.
It is easy to see that any prior agreement between Alice and Bob on the use of specific tables filled with + and signs is not going to help them. The reason being that such tables simply do not exist: as these would be self-contradictory with the sum of the minus signs in the table being even based on row sums, and being odd when using column sums.
So, how can Alice and Bob succeed in their task?
The trick is for Alice and Bob to share an entangled quantum state and to use specific measurements on their components of the entangled state to derive the table entries. A suitable correlated state consists of a pair of Bell states :
here |+> and |-> are eigenstates of the Pauli operator S z with eigenvalues +1 and -1, respectively, whilst the subscripts a and b denote which component of each Bell state is going to Alice and which one goes to Bob.
Observables for these components can be written as products of the Pauli spin matrices :
Products of these Pauli spin operators can be used to fill the 3x3 table such that each row and each column contains a mutually commuting set of observables with eigenvalues +1 and -1, and with the product of the obervables in each row being the identity operator, and the product of observables in each column equating to minus the identity operator. This so-called Mermin - Peres magic square [ 3 ] is shown in below table.
Effectively, while it is not possible to construct a 3x3 table with entries +1 and -1 such that the product of the elements in each row equals +1 and the product of elements in each column equals -1, it is possible to do so with the richer algebraic structure based on spin matrices.
It has been demonstrated [ 4 ] that the above described game is the simplest two-player game in which quantum pseudo-telepathy can occur. Other games in which Quantum pseudo-telepathy occurs have been studied, including larger magic square games, [ 5 ] graph colouring games [ 6 ] and multiplayer games involving more than two participants. [ 7 ] Recent studies tackle the question of the robustness of the effect against noise due to imperfect measurements on the coherent quantum state. [ 8 ]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_pseudo-telepathy
@owltwelve: That same article has been popping up in multiple threads lately. I also posted it on this forum after suddenly finding a copy of it on my harddrive:
Links -> scientific articles on pk
There's another interesting article on teleportation as well.
The unreal hath no being; there is no non-being of the Real; ~Krishna
A stable-minded person will neither hug nor hate the world, he will take things as they come.
Limits are for the limited!
"A Nobel Prize winning biologist has ignited controversy after publishing details of an experiment in which a fragment of DNA appeared to teleport or imprint itself between test tubes."
Some have suggested the 7hz EM field is acting as a carrier wave to transport the resonant frequency of DNA.
http://dl.dropbox.com/u/12844841/1012.5166v1.pdf
We are getting close to understanding this phenomenon and having accepted by the religion of science ;)
Omega(the end) + X(the unknown) = Ending Ignorance of the unknown. Truth...knowledge...enlightenment
There is no failure only feedback. Failure is when you stop trying.
Cool, thanks!
The unreal hath no being; there is no non-being of the Real; ~Krishna
A stable-minded person will neither hug nor hate the world, he will take things as they come.
Now it's that kind of thing that gets me excited. Thanks Shirak. I've had teleportation in the back of my mind. I haven't yet started training in that discipline yet though.
I wish I could study PK full-time. That would be so amazing! Actually, I'd like to someday set up some kind of World HQ for psions. A place to share & learn PK technqiues. Some remote location surrounded by nature, in the mountains of China, or something like that.....ha ha. Just a dream :))
Cool teleportation interview, which goes at it from a technology perspective, though the guest suggests, one can do it with out the machine assistance:)
1 of 12
O12 I could not find where in this video the teleportation reference was. I have been trying to do teleportation as you describe in your journal entries on my walks home. I am very interested in spatial sliding =
Omega(the end) + X(the unknown) = Ending Ignorance of the unknown. Truth...knowledge...enlightenment
There is no failure only feedback. Failure is when you stop trying.
I lost track of training it; I guess telepathy sort of took over because of it's immediate usefulness to my life. The teleportation is useful too of course, but I only got as far as partial intentional success. I want to get back to it though. It would be cool to become consistent enough with teleportation, to figure out how to study it objectively:)
Omega(the end) + X(the unknown) = Ending Ignorance of the unknown. Truth...knowledge...enlightenment
There is no failure only feedback. Failure is when you stop trying.
Do you already know which approach you are going to use? I suspect that there are a few ways to go about it. I think what happens to me is a kind of quantum leap. It's like stepping out of fixed reality & opening alternate universal branch possibilities, or going in to a wave state, & collapsing back down into a particle state. I'm pretty sure that a key factor has been freezing thoughts into a singularity. Then the next thing to materialize was the last image/desire held in my mind before the samadhi. Of course, I could be misreading the experiences or leaving somethings out but, these variables have been quite consistent:)