Graduate Entry Doctor of Medicine Program (MD) – 4 Years

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The Doctor of Medicine (MD) Program is accredited by the Commission for Academic Accreditation (CAA), Ministry of Education, United Arab Emirates. The outcome competencies of the program are benchmarked with internationally known competency frameworks including the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and have been adapted to the cultural context of the Arabian Gulf region.

The graduate-entry Doctor of Medicine (MD) Program is a 4-year competency-based program with a total of 152 credits. This program is suitable for students who have completed a four-year bachelor’s degree and fulfills the admission criteria for the four-year MD program.

The program is organized in two inter-related phases, each of two years duration with critical points or “Gates” at the end of each phase. The eligibility of students’ progression to the next phase will be checked at the gates.

Each phase will have specific “Phase Learning Outcomes” which are milestones towards the Program Learning Outcomes:

  • Phase of‘Core Medical Sciences’ (Years 1 & 2)
  • Phase of ‘Transition to Practice’(Years 3 & 4)

After the successful completion of the Phase of “Transition to Practice” requirements, they graduate with a MD degree.

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The duration of the graduate-entry MD program is 4 years, and the curriculum is organized in an organ-system based sequence integrating biomedical sciences, clinical sciences, social/behavioral sciences and patient-care skills. The curriculum is designed to develop a culture of teamwork, scientific enquiry and lifelong learning in the students which are essential for the effective practice of medicine.

The pedagogy used in the MD program includes diverse teaching/learning methods to cater to different learning styles of a culturally diverse group of students.  More small-group and active learning strategies like Student-led Seminars (SLS), Problem-based Learning (PBL), Team-based Learning (TBL), Virtual-patient Learning (VPL) etc. are used. Early clinical exposure is the highlight of the MD program.

The curriculum is delivered in a number of different healthcare settings including ambulatory and inpatient care, primary health care, emergency, and community settings providing wide experience. Training in the state-of-the-art simulation set-up provides additional hands-on training during the pre-clinical years.

Assessments are of high standard and benchmarked internationally by students taking the International Foundation of Medicine (IFOM) Examination (Basic and Clinical Sciences) conducted by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), USA.

Graduates are awarded the MD degree on successful completion of the 4-year program, attaining 152 credits and passing a comprehensive Exit Examination. The MD degree awarded by GMU is recognized by the Ministry of Health, UAE and all graduates are eligible to take the licensing exam in the country to be evaluated for independent practice.

Graduation requirements

The student will be commended for the award of the Doctor of Medicine (MD) program upon:

  • Being continuously enrolled in the program from admission to graduation
  • Having satisfied all conditions of his or her admission
  • Completing 152 credits of course work
  • Passing a Comprehensive Exit Exam with not less than 65%.

VISION

To pursue excellence in medical education, research and patient care to meet the evolving healthcare needs of the nation and the region.

MISSION

The Mission of the MD Program is to:

  • Attract the best students and provide a unique learning experience through quality medical education
  • Produce socially accountable competent physicians who will make a significant contribution to the health of the community through evidence-based healthcare
  • Prepare medical graduates to pursue postgraduate training in any specialty of their choice and integrate advances in research in the delivery of quality patient-care.
  • Attract best faculty who can contribute to the quality of medical education and research.

Core Medical Sciences Phase: Years 1 & 2

In this phase, we introduce the students to the core up-to-date knowledge for practice and its application to patients and population care. Clinical Skills are mainly acquired in Skills Labs with regular encounters with real patients. This phase is organized around integrated organ-system modules.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) using high-fidelity AI based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Lectures will be offered as resource sessions using TBL and flipped classrooms. Basic medical sciences, clinical sciences, population health, ethics and professionalism are integrated within the problems. The subjects studied include clinical and applied aspects of Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics. In addition, the following courses: Clinical Skills, Community Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Research Methodology, Family Health, Evidence-based Medicine, and Behavioral Sciences are integrated and coordinated within the organ-system units. In the year 2, students spend 6 weeks in an integrated multisystem course preparing them for patient care in the hospital setting.

End-Phase Exam:By the end of Year 2, the students should successfully complete the ‘Core Medical Sciences’Phase requirements in order to progress to ‘Transition to Practice’ Phase and complete the four-year MD program. The students will take an international benchmark exam (IFOM Basic Medical Sciences Exam).

Transition to Practice Phase: (Clerkships) “Workplace-Based Learning”: Years 3 & 4

In this Phase, Students will rotate in different clerkships in order to ensure better exposure to the work environment, patients, and interaction with other healthcare professionals.

In year 3, students undergo clerkship rotations of 8 weeks each in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pediatrics, and ENT/Eye. In year 4, they go through four rotations of 8 weeks each in Medicine and subspecialties, Surgery and subspecialties. Family Medicine and Psychiatry, Emergency Medicine and Critical care, and another 8 weeks of elective training/research.

Exit Exam:At the end of this Phase, students should successfully complete the Phase requirements and provide convincing evidence related to the Program Learning Outcomes and achievement of competence. The IFOM Clinical Sciences will be considered as the international benchmark. The student will graduate with MD degree.

The graduates are awarded the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree on successful completion of the 4-year program and passing the comprehensive exit examination.

Credit:The credit equivalence of the 4-Year Doctor of Medicine Program is 152 credits.

Study Plan

Phase I (Core Medical Sciences)

Year 1

CC Course Continued
^Parallel courses in the semester
Credit Hour calculation: 1 Credit = 1 hour of Lecture/week or 2 hours of Lab or Activity (PBL, VPL, Seminar etc.)/week for 15 weeks.

Year 2

^Parallel courses in the semester.
CC: Course Continued
#Work Based Learning: 90 clinical contact hours to be completed during year 2 of the program
#Elective-1: 90 clinical contact hours to be completed during year 2 of the program OR students can opt to do research.
Credit Hour calculation: 1 Credit = 1 hour of Lecture/week or 2 hours of Lab or Activity (PBL, VPL, Seminar, etc.)/week or 3-4 hours of clinical posting/week for 15 weeks.

Phase II (‘Transition to Practice’ or Clerkships)

Year 3

Year 4

*General Education Course; ^Parallel courses in the semester.Credit Hour calculation: 1 Credit = 1 hour of Lecture/week or 2 hours of Lab or Activity (PBL, VPL, Seminar, etc.)/week or 3 hours of clinical posting/week for 15 weeks

Summary

Course Descriptions

Phase I G MD Program

BIS 301 Blood and I mmune S ystem

The contents of the Blood and Immune System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Blood and Immune system using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

RES 301 Respiratory S ystem

The contents of the Respiratory System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Respiratory System using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

CVS 301 Cardiovascular System

The contents of the Cardiovascular System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Cardiovascular System using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

REP 301 Research Project

This course running over 3 semesters provides students the opportunity to conduct quality research under faculty guidance. Students will develop a group research proposal in the third year [fall semester], collect and analyze the data in spring semester of the same year, and present the research findings in fourth year [fall semester]. This will enable students to integrate the knowledge, skills, and competencies acquired in Research Methodology and Biostatistics course in year 2 with the clinical knowledge and skills to conduct research in the community or in an institutional setting. The students will develop needed research competency to collect, analyze, interpret, and present data, taking into consideration all ethical and legal requirements. The course will enable student to apply critical thinking, communication, and analytic skills during various steps of research. An online certificate on ‘Research Ethics and Good Clinical Practice’ must be obtained before starting the study.

ALS 301 Alimentary System

The contents of the Alimentary System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Alimentary System using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

URS 301 Urinary System

The contents of the Urinary System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Urinary System using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

EDB 301 Endocrine System and Breast s

The contents of the Endocrine System and Breasts course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Endocrine System and Breasts using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

RPS 301 Reproductive System

The contents of the Reproductive System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Reproductive System using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

MSS 301 Musculoskeletal System and Skin

The contents of the Musculoskeletal System and Skin course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Musculoskeletal System and Skin using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

NES 301 Nervous System

The contents of the Nervous System course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. This course focuses on the etiology, pathophysiology, investigations, behavioral and ethical aspects, principles of prevention and management of common disorders of the Nervous system using a multidisciplinary integrated approach. The course builds on the previous knowledge of normal structure, function, and general pathology mechanisms of disease learnt in Phase I. Problem-based Learning and Virtual-Patient Learning using high-fidelity Artificial Intelligence-based simulated patients constitutes the primary strategy of learning and teaching. Students also learn common clinical skills related to the system and interpret results of investigations in clinical skills sessions to prepare them for the clerkship phase.

IMS 301 Integrated Multisystem Course

The contents of the Integrated Multisystem course form the ‘core knowledge for practice’ in which prevalent and important clinical problems/presentations in the community are identified through a patient-centered approach. The integrated multisystem course offers opportunities to integrate between and beyond the organ-systems. The course will be structured around a series of cases which are multisystem in nature using Virtual-Patient Learning and Problem-Based Learning. The students will learn how to present case studies by following an evidence-based approach, helping them to acquire critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It will also offer opportunities to review and reinforce concepts learnt in individual organ-systems to prepare them for the Phase II exit examination and to be engaged in Phase III “transition to practice”.

WBL 301 Work Based Learning

The module is offered as 90 contact hours of clinical postings at designated clinical posting sites. The Work-based Learning course provides excellent opportunities for students to apply and perform the skills like history taking and physical examination learnt in the simulated setting (during the skills sessions in each organ-system course) on real patients under supervision, and observe the clinicians interact with the patients in the ambulatory care and inpatient settings. They will also appreciate the role of teamwork in providing care to the patient and introduction to the different healthcare systems. This course prepares the students for a smooth transition to the clinical years.

ELE 301 Elective-1

Elective-1 posting serves to promote the application of professional skills in the practice of medicine in different healthcare systems, develop confidence, maturity, responsibility and interpersonal skills in novel settings, and demonstrate a greater understanding of ethical, confidential and sensitive issues when exposed to patients with different beliefs, values and culture. The students can opt for any specialty including research at any recognized site (teaching hospitals) either within or outside the country. GMU has collaboration with several national and international universities and teaching hospitals to facilitate placement of students.

AHP 102: Arabic for Healthcare Professionals

The Arabic for Health Professionals course is designed to enable students to communicate in health professional settings. The course will enable non-native speakers to acquire basic Arabic terms used in greetings and simple communication with patients. Peer-Assisted Learning helps the student to learn Arabic terminology related to the organ-system. The content of the course is integrated into the organ-system courses.

EIS 102 Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainability

This course aims to initiate the innovative thinking process among the students, enable them with basic entrepreneurship skills, and make them understand the concepts of sustainability in the modern world in the field of their future profession. The course is designed in 3 parts in order to explain the main principles of the entrepreneurial process; to link them with the concept of innovation and to engage in sustainability leadership to affect positive societal change. For future medical professionals, this course has to ensure the ability of medical decision-making is properly balanced between professional, and ethical approaches on one side and finance and business on the other side.

AIH 101 Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Professionals

Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Professions is an intermediate level course which falls under the Technology Sciences domain for healthcare professionals. The course examines the evolution of AI, the conceptual development of AI techniques, such as machine learning, deep learning, data sciences, and comprehensively covers data security, privacy, as well as the social and legal implications of AI in healthcare. The learner will explore the benefits of AI’s application in healthcare – which will prepare future health practitioners to successfully collaborate with AI and data science experts in an immersive AI-based healthcare environment.

Phase II G MD Program

MED 401 Medicine 1

The clerkship in Medicine 1 in Year 5 is designed to give the student a broad exposure to common medical conditions in clinical practice. The student will learn to take a relevant history, perform a general and focused systemic examination, formulate differential diagnoses, and develop a plan to manage common acute and chronic medical disorders in ambulatory and inpatient settings. This clerkship lays the foundation for the Medicine 2 clerkship in Year 6.

SUR 401 Surgery 1

The clerkship in Surgery 1 in Year 5 is designed to give the student a broad exposure to the principles of diagnosis and management of common surgical problems, including surgical emergencies. It provides the students with adequate clinical encounters in ambulatory, bedside and OR settings. During the rotation, the student will be expected to focus on basic principles of peri-operative, operative, and postoperative management of the patient with a surgical problem. This clerkship lays the foundation for the clerkship in Surgery 2 clerkship in Year 6.

OBG 401 Obstetrics and Gynecology

The clerkship in Obstetrics and Gynecology is designed to give the student a broad exposure to the principles of diagnosis and management of common gynecologic and obstetric conditions in the ambulatory care, delivery room, operation room and inpatient settings. The procedural skills like delivering a baby, taking a PAP smear, pelvic assessment is also learnt and practiced in the safe environment of the simulation lab.

PED 401 Pediatrics

The clerkship in Pediatrics is designed to give the student a broad exposure to common pediatric conditions in ambulatory care, intensive care and inpatient settings. The student will assess the normal growth and development of a child and learn to obtain clinical history in an age-appropriate and sensitive manner from a child and or the accompanying adult and conduct a physical examination appropriate to the condition and interpret the clinical findings. The student will be able to interpret lab results to suggest a diagnosis and discuss the management of the disease.

EYE 401 Ophthalmology

The clerkship in Ophthalmology is designed to give the student a broad exposure to common ophthalmology conditions in ambulatory care, operative and inpatient settings, and indications for referral of cases to ophthalmologists. The student will learn to take an ophthalmic history and perform a basic eye examination to detect common eye abnormalities, interpret clinical findings, arrive at a diagnosis, and discuss the management plan. The students will also observe ophthalmic investigative procedures and surgeries performed by the faculty.

ENT 401 Otorhinolaryngology

The clerkship in Otorhinolaryngology is designed to give the student a broad exposure to common conditions in ambulatory care, operative and inpatient settings related to ear, nose, and throat diseases. The student will obtain history and perform a basic head and neck examination with appropriate equipment. The students will discuss the clinical findings, diagnose common ENT problems, and design a treatment plan. The students will also observe common ENT surgeries performed by the faculty.

MED 402 Medicine 2

Medicine II clerkship is built upon the knowledge and competencies gained in Medicine 1 clerkship in year 5. The students are rotated in medical sub-specialties like neurology, nephrology, dermatology, and cardiology. This clerkship is designed for medical students to gain additional experience in clinical presentation and management of medical conditions. This clerkship emphasizes integrated patient care, teamwork, and preparing the student for internship and professional practice.

SUR 402 Surgery 2

Surgery 2 clerkship is built upon the knowledge and competencies gained in Surgery 1 clerkship in year 5. The students are rotated in surgical subspecialties of Trauma and acute care, Orthopedics and Urology. This clerkship is designed for medical students to acquire additional knowledge and skills to provide appropriate levels of care under supervision for commonly encountered surgical diseases. This clerkship emphasizes integrated patient care, teamwork, and preparing the student for internship and professional practice.

FAM 401 Family Medicine    

This clerkship provides the learners with an insight into the continuing and comprehensive medical care for individuals and their families. It differs from other specialties because it encompasses all ages, genders, organ-systems, and every disease entity. The heart of this clerkship is the patient-physician relationship viewed in the context of the patient’s family. The student will spend most of their time in the primary care settings, where they will clerk patients and their families under the supervision of faculty.

EMR 401 Emergency Medicine

The emergency room rotation offers a special environment and an opportunity to practice fundamental skills of decision making in an acute care setting. The aim of the posting is for the learner to develop critical thinking and multi-tasking skills in a busy ER facility, understand the concept of acute care, patient transfer, and develop good communication skills and professional interaction with the patients, relatives, and other medical personnel.

CCA 401 Critical Care and Anesthesia

The posting in the critical care areas of ICU and CCU is designed to provide the students with practical knowledge about the management of critically ill patients. Students get opportunities to improve their bedside clinical skills, including focused history taking, clinical examination, relevant investigations, and appropriate treatment relevant to the acute critically ill patient, master the essential emergency life support and resuscitation skills, and develop the habit of good communication skills and professional interaction with the patient’s and other medical personnel including breaking bad news. The anesthesia clerkship will expose the students to basic principles of anesthesia induction, maintenance, recovery, and postoperative care. This will also support the basic life support skills of the student.

PSY 401 Psychiatry

This clerkship will provide the medical student with experience in evaluating and treating patients with various mental illnesses. Students will be exposed to all age groups including children, adolescents, adults, families, and geriatric patients with emphasis on understanding cultural issues in mental health. The clerkship will also stimulate a holistic thinking process in the medical student, initiating awareness of the biopsychosocial model of diseases in patients. The overall aim of the rotation is to give students a broad view of the spectrum of mental health problems.

ELE 401 Elective 2

Elective 2 posting in year 6 serves to promote the application of professional skills in the practice of medicine in different healthcare systems prior to graduation, develop confidence, maturity, responsibility, and interpersonal skills in novel settings, and demonstrate a greater understanding of ethical, confidential, and sensitive issues when exposed to patients with different beliefs, values and culture. The student is encouraged to pursue the electives either in the country or abroad in any medical specialty, including research or healthcare management.

HCM 101 Healthcare Management and Health Informatics

Healthcare management course trains the student to advocate quality patient healthcare and learn how the interaction between different departments of the hospital works together to provide patient care. There is an emphasis on different aspects of patient safety and quality, which are incrementally built up in this course.

This course also introduces the students to Health Informatics,  which would enable them to use the Health Information System (HIS) of the hospital and learn the process of accessing and sharing medical information with stakeholders.

Admission Requirements for Graduate-entry 4-year MD program

  • The Applicant should possess a bachelor’s degree (Biomedical / Health / Life Sciences or equivalent) from an accredited college or university with:
    • Equivalency Certificate of the Baccalaureate degree from the Ministry of Education, UAE or Copy of WES Grading Evaluation Score Sheet
    • Cumulative GPA ­3.0 on a 4.0-point scale or equivalent on non-GPA grading systems
    • Core CGPA (Science courses) 3.0 on a 4.0-point scale or equivalent on non-GPA grading systems.
  • The Applicant must have proficiency in spoken and written English. The Applicant can fulfil the English proficiency requirement via the EmSAT or TOEFL or IELTS. TOEFL and IELTS test scores must be dated within two years of the year of enrolment.
    • EmSAT: Score of 1550 and above
    • TOEFL: Score of 90 on the iBT or higher
    • IELTS: Overall score 6.5 and higher with a score of no less than 6 on any individual band or module.
  • Courses taken during the undergraduate degree program should include elements of:
    • Chemistry and Biochemistry
    • Human Anatomy and Physiology
    • Microbiology, Immunology, and Basic Pathophysiology
    • Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology
    • Social, Behavioral Sciences and Public Health
    • Statistics and Logical Reasoning
  • Applicants will be required to pass the  GMU Competency Assessment Test (GCAT)for the 4-year MD program which will include questions from the syllabus provided. [ link ]
  • Applicants who lack sufficient background in the above-mentioned subjects may register for the non-credit remedial courses offered by the University.
  • Preference shall be given to Applicant’s with Healthcare / Research / Community service experience.
  • Two Letters of Recommendation (LOR) from persons familiar with the Applicant’s academic aptitude and standing (Dean/Professor/Faculty) in the Bachelor program; one may be from a workplace.
  • All Applicants shall be subjected to an interview by the Admissions Committee to evaluate for cognitive and non-cognitive traits demonstrating their aptitude for the chosen area of study.
  • Applicants are required to apply on the admission portal with resume and a personal statement.
  • The decision of the Admission Committee shall be final and binding.

Apply Now: [ link ]

GMU Competency Assessment Test (GCAT) – Syllabus

Applicants will be required to pass the GCAT for admission into the 4-year Graduate Entry MD program. It will include questions from the fields listed below. There are four main sections of the GCAT syllabus. The GCAT assesses a candidate’s knowledge of foundation courses taught during the Bachelor of Medical Sciences. A substantial number of questions are asked from each section. The purpose of this admission test is to assess candidates from different majors and select the best students that are eligible for the program.

Date: Student can take the entrance test on any one of the following dates:

  • April 26, 2024

OR

  • May 18, 2024

OR

  • June 10, 2024

NOTE: Student must confirm the registration for the test date well in advance through an email to the admissions officer.
Venue:GMU Testing Centre
Time:

  • Paper I: 9:00 – 11:00 am
    • 90 MCQs [Core Basic Sciences (MCQ 80) and Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (MCQ 10)]
  • Paper II: 2:00 – 4:00 pm
    • 90 MCQs [Foundations of Living Systems (MCQ 30) and Preclinical Sciences (MCQ 60)]

GCAT Blueprint

Sections
GCAT Subject (No. of MCQs)
Foundations of Living Systems (MCQ 30)
  • Cell Biology & Molecular Biology (18)
  • Genetics (12)
Core Basic Sciences (MCQ 80)
  • Anatomy (30)
  • Physiology (30)
  • Biochemistry (20)
Preclinical Sciences (MCQ 60)
  • Microbiology (20)
  • Immunology (10)
  • General Pathology (15)
  • General Pharmacology (5)
  • Public Health (10)
Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (MCQ 10)
  • Biostatistics (5)
  • Research Methodology (5)
Sections
GCAT Subject
Foundations of Living Systems
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
Core Basic Sciences
  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry
Preclinical Sciences
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • General Pathology
  • General Pharmacology
  • Public Health
Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills
  • Biostatistics
  • Research Methodology

Section: Foundations of Living Systems

Cell Biology and Genetics
Topic
Content area
Eukaryotic cell
Structure and function of cell organelles
Cell diversity
Cell cycle and regulation
Stages of cell cycle
Cell cycle check points
Mitosis and their stages
Meiosis and their stages
Consequences of Meiosis
Plasma Membrane
Membrane structure: Components and Function
Transport across plasma membrane
Membrane Potential
Karyotyping and Chromosomal Abnormalities
Morphology of Chromosomes
Numerical abnormalities of chromosomes with examples
Structural abnormalities of chromosomes with examples
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian principles
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Sex linked inheritance
Population Genetics
Gene pool
Gene frequency
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Basics of Cancer genetics
Fragile sites in humans
Chromosomal instability syndromes
Cytogenetic mechanisms in solid tumors
Diagnostic and prognostic applications
Specialized and evolving FISH technology
Complex diseases and genetic services
Polygenic inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 18
Sample Questions

1.     Marked microsatellite instability is a feature of:
A.     familial adenomatous polyposis.
B.     hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).
C.     multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 2.
D.     neurofibromatosis 1

References: Medical Genetics. Lynn B. Jorde PhD, John C. Carey MD, MPH and Michael J. Bamshad MD. Medical Genetics
Molecular Biology
Topic
Content area
DNA structure and function
Three models of DNA structure
Chargaff’s rules
Types of DNA
Primary, secondary, and tertiary structure of DNA
RNA structure and types
Secondary and tertiary structure of RNA
Kinetics of RNA folding
RNA catalysis and Ribozymes
Organization of the genome
Eukaryotic genome chromatin, heterochromatin, euchromatin, gene, genome, nucleosome, histones, telomeres, repetitive and non-repetitive sequences
DNA Replication
Nuclear DNA replication in eukaryotic cells
Replication of organelle DNA
Rolling circle replication
Telomere maintenance
DNA Repair and Recombination
Types of mutations and their phenotypic consequences
Classes of DNA damage and repair mechanisms
Transcription in bacteria
Transcription
Operons
Transcription regulators
Control of gene expression by RNA
Transcription in Eukaryotes
Transcriptional regulation
Protein-coding gene regulatory elements
Basal transcription machinery and Transcription factors
Epigenetics and monoallelic gene expression
Epigenetic markers
Genomic Imprinting
X-chromosome inactivation
Phenotypic consequences of transposable elements
Epigenetic control of the transposable elements
RNA processing, and modifications
Processing of different types of RNA
Alternative splicing, RNA editing, miRNA, nuclear exosomes
Cytoplasmic RNA turnover
Protein biosynthesis and modifications
Structure of ribosomes
Role of nucleolus
Translation process and modifications
Genome Analysis
DNA polymorphism
Minisatellite analysis
Polymerase Chain Reaction based analysis
Short tandem repeat analysis
Mitochondrial DNA analysis
Y chromosome analysis
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 12
Sample Questions

1.     A DNA molecule in which both strands have radioactive thymidine is permitted to replicate in an environment that contains non-radioactive thymidine. What is the right number of DNA molecules which possess some radioactive thymidine post three duplications?
A.     One such molecule
B.     Two such molecules
C.     Four such molecules
D.     Eight such molecules

References:David P Clark, Nanette J Pazdernik, Michelle R McGehee Molecular Biology. 3rd ed. 2019. ISBN: 978-0-12-813288-3

Section: Core Basic Sciences

Anatomy
Topic
Content area
General Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
General Anatomy: Anatomical Terminologies, Skeletal system, joints, Muscular system
General Embryology: Gametogenesis, 1 st -3 rd week of development, Placenta
General Histology: Cell, tissues, and lymphoid organs
Upper and Lower extremities
Upper limb: Bones and joints of the Upper limb,
Pectoral region, Boundaries and contents of Axilla, Arm, forearm, and Hand (muscle attachments, blood vessels and nerve supply)
Lower Limb: Bones, joints of the lower limb
Femoral triangle, gluteal region, thigh, leg, and feet (Muscle attachments, blood vessels and nerve supply)
Boundaries and contents of popliteal fossa
Thorax, Abdomen and Pelvis
Gross Anatomy of:
Heart, Lungs, Aorta, Trachea, Esophagus, Lymphatic duct, and Diaphragm
Peritoneum, Abdominal wall, Gastrointestinal tract, Accessory digestive organs, Extra hepatic biliary apparatus
Urinary system
Male and female reproductive system
Head Neck and Brain
Gross Anatomy of:
Scalp, Face, Oral cavity, Salivary glands, Infratemporal fossa, Palate, Eyeball, Extraocular muscles, Nasal cavity, Ear, Neck Triangles, Pharynx, Larynx.
Spinal Cord, Brainstem, Dural Folds and sinuses, Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Ventricles, Cranial Nerves
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 30
Sample Questions

1.     The long thoracic nerve innervates which muscle?
A.     Anterior scalene
B.     Middle scalene
C.     Serratus anterior
D.     Teres major
2.     The cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle is drained to the fourth ventricle through a cavity located within the midbrain. Identify the cavity.
A.     Foramen of Monro
B.     Cerebral aqueduct
C.     Foramen of Magendie
D.     Foramen of Luschka
3.     A needle is approached at the level of disc between L4 and L5 to reach the epidural space. Mention the anatomical structure it may come across.
A.     L4 segment of spinal cord
B.     L5 segment of spinal cord
C.     Conus medullaris
D.     Cauda equina

References:
  1. Histology: Leslie P. Gartner, Textbook of Histology,5 th edition-2021, ISBN 978-0-323-67272-6
  2. Embryology: The Developing Human, Keith Moore T. V. N. Persaud Mark Torchia. 11th edition. Elsevier Saunders; 2020. ISBN- 978-0-323-60849-7
  3. Gross Anatomy: John T. Hansen, Netter’s Clinical Anatomy,4th Edition-2019, ISBN 978-0-323-53188-7
Reference:John E. Hall and Michael E. Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 14th ed. Elsevier. 2021. ISBN: 978-0-323-597128.
Biochemistry
Topic
Content area
Chemistry
Amino acids and proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Plasma proteins
Hemoglobin and myoglobin
Enzymes
Classification
Kinetics
Regulation
Nutrition
Vitamins: Biochemical role
Minerals: Biochemical role
Energy Balance
Role of Macronutrients
Malnutrition
Recommended dietary goals
Nutrition in vulnerable groups
Nutritional disorders
Metabolism
Intermediary metabolism: Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Carbohydrate metabolism: Digestion and absorption, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, HMP, Fructose and Galactose and associated disorders
Lipid metabolism: Digestion and absorption, Fatty acid, TAG, Ketone bodies, Cholesterol, Lipoproteins, Eicosanoids, and associated disorders
Protein metabolism: Digestion and absorption, Urea cycle, Carbon skeleton, aromatic amino acids, and associated disorders
Nucleotide Metabolism: Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism and associated disorders
Heme Metabolism
Metabolic integration
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 20
Sample Questions

1.     Antioxidants play important role in the prevention of free radical formation and helps in reducing damages to biomolecules. The group of vitamins possessing antioxidant activity are:
A.     Tocopherol, Carotenoids and Ascorbic acid
B.     Thiamine, Niacin and Riboflavin
C.     Pyridoxine, Folic acid and Cobalamin
D.     Biotin, Pantothenic acid and Phytonadione
2.     Urea concentration is estimated in the blood to evaluate the kidney function. The main source of urea in the body is:
A.     Amino group derived from amino acids
B.     Intermediates of TCA cycle
C.     Catabolic products of purine nucleotides
D.     Carbon skeleton of non-essential amino acids

References:
  1. Ferrier DR. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry, 7th Edition. Wolters Kluwer; 2017.
  2. Geissler C and Powers H (Eds). Human Nutrition. 13th ed. Oxford University Press; 2017.  ISBN 978-0-19-876802-9

Section: Preclinical Sciences

Immunology
Topic
Content area
Cells of the immune system
Hematopoietic stem cells
Myeloid & lymphoid progenitors
Lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, natural killer cells, macrophagic cells, and follicular dendritic cells
Organs & Tissues of the immune system
Structure & functions of Primary lymphoid organs – Thymus & Bone marrow
Structure & functions of secondary lymphoid organs – Spleen & lymph nodes
Mucosal associated, gut associated and bronchial associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs, GALTs & BALTs)
Innate (Non-specific) immune response
Role of host and cell factors of innate immunity
Anatomical barriers to infections
Types of macrophages
NK cells & their regulation
Inflammatory responses
Evasion of innate immune response
Adaptive (Specific) immune response (Humoral/antibody mediated immunity)
Humoral/antibody mediated immune response
Antigenicity/ immunogenicity
Antigen presentation
Role of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
Immunoglobulins: Structure, function and classification
Adaptive (Specific) immune response (Cell mediated immunity)
Cell mediated immune response
Receptors and Signaling: Cytokines and Chemokines
Helper T cell mediated immune response to extracellular antigenic stimulus
Cytotoxic T cell mediated immune response to intracellular antigenic stimulus
Antigen – antibody reactions
Different types of Antigens – Antibody interactions
Role of complement system (Classical & Alternative pathway) during antigen-antibody reaction
Immunoprophylaxis
Active & Passive immunoprophylaxis
Hypersensitivity reactions
Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
Antibody-Mediated (Type II) Hypersensitivity Reaction
Immune Complex-Mediated (Type III) Hypersensitivity
Delayed-Type (Type IV) Hypersensitivity (DTH)
Immunohematology & Transplantation Immunology
Blood grouping antigens
Rh incompatibility
Hemolytic disease
Allograft and HLA typing
Immunology response against transplant
Autoimmune diseases
Organ and systemic specific autoimmune reactions
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 10
Sample Questions

1.     The spleen responds to_________ antigen and the lymph nodes respond to_______ antigens for presentation to __________.
A.     Lymph-borne; Blood borne; B lymphocytes
B.     Tissue space; respiratory; Dendritic cells
C.     Blood borne; Lymph borne; Natural killer cells
D.     Blood borne; Lymph borne; T lymphocytes
2.     The Major serum Immunoglobulin that constitutes 75% of total Immunoglobulin’s (Ig) and represent the major antibody of secondary response is:
A.     IgD
B.     IgM
C.     IgE
D.     IgG

Reference:Levinson W. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 14th Edition. McGraw Hills; 2016. ISBN-978-0-07-184574-8.
Microbiology
Topic
Content area
History of Microbiology
Bacterial structure and functions
Contributions by eminent scientists, Koch’s postulates
Classification of microorganisms and salient features
Differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Morphology
Bacterial growth
Bacterial Genetics
Growth cycle, generation time, methods for measuring microbial growth
Influence of environmental factors on growth of micro-organisms in-vitro
Structure of DNA, Replication, Transcription and Translation
Mechanisms of bacterial gene transfer
Process of genetic variation
Host Parasite relationship

Medically important bacteria-GPC (Staphylococci)

Exotoxins & endotoxins
Different types of infections
Pathogenicity & virulence
Portals of entry
Factors contributing to pathogenicity
Commensal and parasitic relationships
Classification, morphological and physiologic characteristics, pathogenesis, lab tests of Staphylococci
Medically important bacteria-GPC (Streptococci)
Pathogenic bacteria (GNC)
Streptococci: Morphology and Classification, Virulence factors, Diseases, Lab diagnosis, Collection of specimens, Transportation and Biochemical tests for identification and Treatment
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis: Morphological and cultural characteristics, antigenic properties, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment
Pathogenic bacteria GNBs (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Haffnia, Serratia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas)
Gram-negative bacilli (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Haffnia, Serratia, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas):
Epidemiology, pathogenesis & diagnosis of infections, Morphology, cultural characteristics, serological classification, and laboratory diagnosis
Pathogenic bacteria GNBs (Legionella, Hemophilus, Bordetella, Salmonella, Shigella)
Gram-negative bacilli (Legionella, Hemophilus, Bordetella, Salmonella, Shigella):
Medically important species, morphology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, cultural characteristics, serological classification, treatment, and prevention
Pathogenic bacteria (Spirochetes)
Pathogenic bacteria GPBs I (Corynebacterium, Listeria, Bacillus)
Medically important Spirochetes: Morphological and physiological characteristics, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis.
Medically important Gram-positive bacilli: Morphological and physiological characteristics, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis
Pathogenic bacteria – GPB   II (Clostridia)
Pathogenic bacteria – GPB    III (Actinomycetes, Nocardia)
Clostridia: Medically important species, morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications & Lab diagnosis.
Actinomycetes, Nocardia: Medically important species, morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications & Lab diagnosis
Mycobacteria
Miscellaneous bacteria (Obligate intracellular parasites, Cell wall deficient bacteria, Zoonotic bacteria)
Mycobacteria: Medically important species, morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications & Lab diagnosis
Chlamydia and Rickettsiae: Morphological, cultural, pathological and clinical characteristics and Lab diagnosis
Brucella, Francisella, Yersinia, Pasteurella and Bartonella: Morphological, cultural, pathological and clinical characteristics and Lab diagnosis
Viruses, fungi and parasites
General properties of viruses & Laboratory Diagnosis
DNA & RNA viruses and their pathogenicity
Classification of Fungi & Laboratory Diagnosis
Morphological, cultural and clinical manifestations of fungi causing Opportunistic, Superficial, Subcutaneous and Systemic infections
Classification of Parasites & Laboratory Diagnosis
Morphological, cultural and clinical manifestations of Protozoans and Helminths: Trematodes & Cestodes, Nematodes
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 20
Sample Questions

1.     The organism in which the adult or sexually mature stage of the parasite lives is known as:
A.     Intermediate host.
B.     Accidental host.
C.     Reservoir host.
D.     Definitive host.
2.     Gram stain of an organism isolated from a wound of a patient with lock jaw revealed gram positive bacilli with terminal spores giving it a tennis-racket appearance. The most probable organism is
A.     Clostridium perfringens
B.     Clostridium difficle
C.     Clostridium septicum
D.     Clostridium tetani

References:
  1. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology. 8th ed. Elsevier Ltd; 2016. ISBN: 978-0-323-29956-5.
  2. Barer MR, Irving W, Swann  A, Perera  N. Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Microbial Infections. 19th Ed. Elsevier Ltd; 2018, ISBN: 978-0-7020-7200-0.
General Pathology
Topic
Content area
Cell injury & adaptations
Overview of cell injury & cell death
Biochemical mechanisms of cell injury
Adaptations of cellular growth and differentiation
Reversible and irreversible cell injury
Morphologic alterations in cell injury:
Reversible cell injury
Irreversible cell injury, Necrosis
Apoptosis, Necroptosis Autophagy
Intracellular accumulations, calcification, and cellular aging
Clinicopathologic Correlations: Selected Examples of Cell Injury and Necrosis
Intracellular accumulations: lipids, proteins, pigments, glycogen
Pathologic calcification: dystrophic and metastatic
Morphological changes and mechanisms of cellular aging
Inflammation & Repair
Acute inflammation, classical signs & vascular changes
Cellular events
Phagocytosis
Leukocyte-induced tissue injury
Mediators of Inflammation
Morphologic Patterns of Acute Inflammation
Outcomes of acute inflammation & systemic effects of inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation.
Overview of tissue repair
Examples of Tissue Repair and Fibrosis
Hemodynamic Disorders
Edema and Effusions
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Hyperemia and congestion
Thrombosis
Embolism
Infarction
Neoplasia
Neoplasia: Classification
Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
Molecular basis of cancer
Carcinogens
Clinical features of Tumors
Grading and Staging
Laboratory diagnosis of the tumor
Environmental and Nutritional Diseases
Abrasion, contusion, laceration, burns, heat cramps, heat stroke, heat exhaustion, frost bite,
Injuries produced by excess heat and excess cold
Injuries to organ systems associated with exposure to ionizing radiation
Beriberi, pellagra, rickets, osteomalacia, scurvy, night blindness
Diseases due to deficiency of vitamins
Marasmus, kwashiorkor, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, obesity
Pathogenesis of obesity
Diseases that are associated with obesity
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 15
Sample Questions

1.     The action of putrefactive bacteria on necrotic tissue results in:
A.     Coagulation
B.     Infarction
C.     Gangrene
D.     Embolism

Reference:Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 10th ed. Elsevier; 2021. ISBN: 978-0-323-53113-9.
General Pharmacology
Topic
Content area
General Pharmacology
Routes of administration of drugs
General principles of Pharmacokinetics
General principles of Pharmacodynamics
Adverse drug reactions
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 5
Sample Questions

1.     A 20-year-old female patient is brought to the emergency department due to drug overdose. Which of the following routes of administration is the most desirable for administering the antidote for the drug overdose?
A.     Subcutaneous
B.     Transdermal
C.     Oral
D.     Intravenous
2.     A drug with a half-life of 10 hours is administered by continuous intravenous infusion. Which of the following best approximates the time for the drug to reach steady state?
A.     20 hours
B.     33 hours
C.     40 hours
D.     60 hours

Reference:Lippincott Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology 6 th Edition, by Karen Whalen
Public Health
Topics
Content
Concepts of health & well-being
Definition of health according to WHO
Biomedical, Ecological, Psychosocial, and Holistic concept of health
Standard of living, level of living, Quality of Life, Physical Quality of life index and Human development index.
Various factors affecting health
Role of external and internal environment in disease causation
Indicators of health
Concept of causation and Natural history of disease
Definition of Natural history of disease
Ice-berg phenomenon of disease
Pre-pathogenesis and Pathogenesis in the natural history of disease
Natural history of disease in infectious and non-infectious disease
Measures of morbidity and mortality
Incidence rate
Prevalence rate
Attack rate
Mortality rates
Case fatality rates
Proportionate mortality rate
Compare mortality in different population
Impact of interventions in a community
Sources of infection
Reservoir of infection
Epidemiological triad
Modes of transmission
Immunity
Concept of Prevention
Disease monitoring
Disease surveillance
Types and role of surveillance system in disease prevention
Definition of prevention
Four levels of prevention
Modes of intervention
Screening of diseases
Importance of screening
Types of screening
Criteria for starting screening program
Assessment of screening
Infectious and Non-Communicable
Various terminologies used in infectious and non-infectious diseases
Conceptual Basis for Prevention and Control of infectious and Non-communicable Diseases.
Investigation of an epidemic
Environmental and occupational health
Environment, environmental health, environmental hazards, environmental justice, environmental sustainability, eco-friendliness
Physical environment
Water, Air pollution, heat exposure, noise pollution
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 10
Sample Questions

1.     The role of social, environmental, mental and cultural factors on health is best described in
A.     Holistic concept
B.     Psychological concept
C.     Biomedical concept
D.     Ecological concept
2.     Variable that helps to measure changes in a health situation directly or indirectly and to assess the extent to which the objectives and targets of a program are being achieved
A.     Determinants of Health
B.     Indicators of health
C.     Health disparity
D.     Concepts of Health

References:Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive & social medicine. Banarsidas Bhanot publishers 25th ed. (2019). ISBN-13: 978-9382219156.

Section: Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills

Biostatistics
Topic
Content area
Variables
Type of Variables
Descriptive Statistics
Measures of central tendency and dispersion
Inferential Statistics
Parametric and Non-parametric tests
Probability
Probability and normal distribution
Correlation and regression test
Linear correlation
Linear regression
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 5
Sample Questions

1.     The wealth index of the respondents was categorized as “Rich”, “Medium” and “Poor”. This is an example of which type of variable or data?
A.     Nominal
B.     Ordinal*
C.     Interval
D.     Ratio
2.     Which among the following is NOT a Parametric test?
A.     ANOVA
B.     Z-test
C.     Spearman’s rank correlation*
D.     Paired-T test

References:Daniel WW. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 11th Edition. John Wiley & Sons Inc.; 2013. ISBN-13: 978-1119496700
Research Methodology
Topic
Content area
Study design
Primary, secondary and tertiary research
Qualitative and quantitative research
Population, sample and sampling techniques
Population
Sample Size
Sampling techniques
Data Collection Tools
Tools for data collection
Questionnaire; checklist; interview
Type of questions
Research protocol
Component of research proposal
Validity and Precision
Validity, precision and accuracy
Types of validity
Internal and external validity
Factors that are threats to precision
Strategies to enhance precision
Factors that are threats to accuracy
Strategies to enhance accuracy
Ethics in Biomedical Research
Ethics and Bioethics
Informed consent
Conflict of interest
Vulnerable groups
Helsinki Declaration
Researchers’ freedom& responsibilities
Number of Multiple-Choice Questions: 5
Sample Questions

1.     In a study, 120 women with endometrial cancer and 120 women with no apparent disease were contacted and asked whether they had ever used estrogen. Each woman with cancer was matched by age, race, weight, and parity to a woman without disease. What kind of study design is this?
A.     Cohort study
B.     Case-control study
C.     Cross-sectional study
D.     Experimental study

References:
  1. Jacobsen, Kathryn H. Introduction to Health Research Methods: A Practical Guide. 3rd Edition. Burlington, MA.: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2021. ISBN-13: 978-1284197563
  2. Hully SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady DG, Newman TB. Designing Clinical Research, 4th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Wolters Klumer; 2013; ISBN 978-1608318049.

Upon graduation, the medical graduates can pursue further career in the field of clinical practice, research or academia. All graduates are eligible to take the licensing exam in the country to be evaluated for independent practice. Medical graduates can work as doctors in hospitals, medical institutions, private clinics, research centres, medical industry and insurance. Medical graduates can specialize in a variety of biomedical or clinical medical professions after completing a period of postgraduate training. Graduates interested in research and academia can pursue a PhD.

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